1. Explain the relationships among elevation. climate. and agricultural production, especially in tropical highland areas.

2. Identify the major environmental issues of Latin America and how countries are addressing them.

3. Summarize the demographic issues impacting this region, such as rural-to-urban migration, urbanization, smaller families, and emigration.

4. Describe the cultural mixing of European and Amerindian groups in this region and indicate where cultures thrive today.

5. Explain the global reach of Latino culture through immigration. sport. music, and television.

6. Describe the Iberian colonization of the region and how it affected the formation of today's modern states.

7. Identify the major trade blocs in Latin America and how they are influencing development.

8. Summarize the significance of primary exports from Latin America, especially agricultural commodities, minerals, wood products, and fossil fuels.

9. Describe the neoliberal economic reforms that have been applied to Latin America and how they have influenced the region's development.

10. Identify major Amerindian groups today and their efforts towards territorial and political recognition.

11. Differentiate island and rimland environments and the environmental issues that affect these areas.

12. Summarize the demographic shifts in the Caribbean as population growth slows, settlement in cities intensifies, emigration abroad continues, and a return migration begins.

13. Explain the reasons why European colonists so aggressively sought control of the Caribbean and why independence in the region came about more gradually than in neighboring Latin America.

14. Identify the demographic and cultural implications of the massive transfer of African peoples to the Caribbean, as well as other smaller labor flows from South Asia.

15. Describe how the Caribbean is linked to the global economy thorough offshore banking, emigration and tourism.

16. Explain the difference between social and economic development and suggest reasons why the Caribbean does better in social indicators of development, compared to economic indicators.